Patient participation in surgical site infection prevention: perceptions of nurses, physicians and patients.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perception of patients and health professionals regarding patients' participation in surgical site infection prevention. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in two hospitals in the city of São Paulo, with a convenience sample of 123 patients in the postoperative period of elective surgeries and 92 health professionals (physicians and nurses) acting in direct care of surgical patients. RESULTS: Patients (78.9%) and professionals (79.4%) fully agreed with the importance of patient participation to prevent surgical site infection. The impact of patient participation on infection rates was significant for those undergoing previous surgery (p = 0.021). Patients and professionals disagreed about the best time to prepare the patient about the topic (p<0.001). The participation strategies considered most effective by patients and professionals were, respectively, oral presentation (47.2% and 75%), videos (40.7% and 58.7%) and leaflets (30.9% and 58.7%). CONCLUSION: Patients and health professionals believe that patient participation in surgical site infection prevention is important.

Patient participation in surgical site infection prevention: perceptions of nurses, physicians and patients / Participación del paciente en la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico: percepciones de enfermeras, médicos y pacientes / Participação do paciente na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico: percepções de enfermeiros, médicos e pacientes

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the perception of patients and health professionals regarding patients' participation in surgical site infection prevention. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in two hospitals in the city of São Paulo, with a convenience sample of 123 patients in the postoperative period of elective surgeries and 92 health professionals (physicians and nurses) acting in direct care of surgical patients. Results: Patients (78.9%) and professionals (79.4%) fully agreed with the importance of patient participation to prevent surgical site infection. The impact of patient participation on infection rates was significant for those undergoing previous surgery (p = 0.021). Patients and professionals disagreed about the best time to prepare the patient about the topic (p<0.001). The participation strategies considered most effective by patients and professionals were, respectively, oral presentation (47.2% and 75%), videos (40.7% and 58.7%) and leaflets (30.9% and 58.7%). Conclusion: Patients and health professionals believe that patient participation in surgical site infection prevention is important.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de pacientes y profesionales de salud sobre la participación de los pacientes en la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico. Método: Estudio transversal realizado en dos hospitales de la ciudad de São Paulo, con una muestra de conveniencia de 123 pacientes en el postoperatorio de cirugías electivas y 92 profesionales de salud (médicos y enfermeros) que actúan en el cuidado directo de pacientes quirúrgicos. Resultados: Los pacientes (78,9%) y los profesionales (79,4%) estuvieron totalmente de acuerdo con la importancia de la participación de los pacientes para prevenir la infección del sitio quirúrgico. El impacto de la participación de los pacientes en las tasas de infección fue significativo para los sometidos a cirugía previa (p = 0,021). Pacientes y profesionales discreparon sobre el mejor momento para preparar al paciente sobre el tema (p < 0,001). Las estrategias de participación consideradas más eficaces por pacientes y profesionales fueron, respectivamente, la presentación oral (47,2% y 75%), los vídeos (40,7% y 58,7%) y los folletos (30,9% y 58,7%). Conclusión: Los pacientes y los profesionales de salud creen que la participación de los pacientes en la prevención de la infección del sitio quirúrgico es importante.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a percepção de pacientes e profissionais de saúde sobre a participação dos pacientes na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Método: Estudo transversal realizado em dois hospitais da cidade de São Paulo, com amostra por conveniência de 123 pacientes no período pós-operatório de cirurgias eletivas e 92 profissionais de saúde (médicos e enfermeiros) atuantes no cuidado direto a pacientes cirúrgicos. Resultados: Pacientes (78,9%) e profissionais (79,4%) concordaram totalmente com a importância da participação do paciente para a prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico. O impacto da participação do paciente nas taxas de infecção foi significativo para aqueles submetidos à cirurgia prévia (p = 0,021). Pacientes e profissionais discordaram quanto ao melhor momento para preparar o paciente sobre a temática (p<0,001). As estratégias de participação consideradas mais efetivas pelos pacientes e profissionais foram, respectivamente, exposição oral (47,2% e 75%), vídeos (40,7% e 58,7%) e panfletos (30,9% e 58,7%). Conclusão: Pacientes e profissionais de saúde julgam ser importante a participação do paciente na prevenção de infecção do sítio cirúrgico.

NurseVR: Development of a Serious Virtual Reality Game for Medication Preparation and Administration Training.

The use of simulation for nursing education has several advantages. The present study aimed to develop and validate a serious virtual reality game for medication preparation and administration training. This is a methodological study in which a serious virtual reality game named NurseVR was developed and evaluated by teachers and students of a nursing course. In NurseVR, the player presents himself or herself in a simulated hospital environment to prepare and administer a medication. From then on, all the steps to be taken are the player's free choice according to what was learned in the classroom, making the game the closest to reality. High levels of positive agreement to statements concerning the validity of the game were found between students and teachers. The virtual immersion proposal was an innovative tool, and the validation results of the final version of NurseVR allow its use for nursing training.

Training on intravenous medication administration in pediatric nursing: a before-after study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of training on intravenous medication administration in pediatric patients on nursing staff 's learning and response. METHOD: This is a quasi-experimental study (pre- and post-test), with 38 nursing professionals who participated in training on administration of intravenous (IV) medication in pediatric patients with heart disease. For data collection, a questionnaire with 19 items was applied to evaluate participants' learning before (pre-test) and after (post-test) training. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (binomial and Friedman tests). RESULTS: Nurses predominated (52.6%), mean age 41.2 years and 9.8 years of professional experience in pediatrics. For learning evaluation, there was an increase in the rate of hits from the pre-test to the post-test in 13 items, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the items: removing adornments to sanitize hands; wearing gloves when administering medication; administering medication with gloves, mask and goggles; and checking patient name by asking their companion. CONCLUSION: Training had positive effects on nursing professionals' learning and reaction.

Factors associated with length of stay and death in tube-fed patients: A cross-sectional multicentre study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and death in nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NG/NET)-fed patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicentre study. METHOD: Data collection took place from October 2017-April 2019, and the sample consisted of 365 participants from seven Brazilian hospitals. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected from the patients' medical records. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate tests, considering a significance level of p<.05. RESULTS: Most patients were male, older adults, with high risk of death and highly dependent on nursing care. The LOS was associated with age, patient care complexity and length of NG/NET use. Death was associated with patient age. In the multivariate analysis, patients highly dependent on nursing care, and intensive and semi-intensive care had a greater chance of dying when compared with patients receiving minimal care. Screening for factors affecting LOS and death is important to plan effective nursing care.

Training on intravenous medication administration in pediatric nursing: a before-after study / Formación en administración de fármacos intravenosos en enfermería pediátrica: un estudio antes-después / Treinamento sobre administração de medicamentos endovenosos na enfermagem pediátrica: estudo antes e depois

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effect of training on intravenous medication administration in pediatric patients on nursing staff 's learning and response. Method: This is a quasi-experimental study (pre- and post-test), with 38 nursing professionals who participated in training on administration of intravenous (IV) medication in pediatric patients with heart disease. For data collection, a questionnaire with 19 items was applied to evaluate participants' learning before (pre-test) and after (post-test) training. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistics (binomial and Friedman tests). Results: Nurses predominated (52.6%), mean age 41.2 years and 9.8 years of professional experience in pediatrics. For learning evaluation, there was an increase in the rate of hits from the pre-test to the post-test in 13 items, with a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the items: removing adornments to sanitize hands; wearing gloves when administering medication; administering medication with gloves, mask and goggles; and checking patient name by asking their companion. Conclusion: Training had positive effects on nursing professionals' learning and reaction.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del entrenamiento sobre la administración de fármacos intravenosos en pacientes pediátricos sobre el aprendizaje y la reacción del equipo de enfermería. Método: Estudio cuasiexperimental (pre-y post-test), con 38 profesionales de enfermería que participaron en la formación sobre la administración de medicación intravenosa (IV) en pacientes pediátricos con cardiopatías. Para la recolección de datos, se aplicó un cuestionario con 19 ítems para evaluar el aprendizaje de los participantes antes (pre-test) y después (post-test) del entrenamiento. Los datos fueron analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y analítica (pruebas binomial y Friedman). Resultados: Hubo predominio de enfermeras (52,6%), edad media 41,2 años y 9,8 años de experiencia profesional en pediatría. En la evaluación de aprendizajes, hubo un aumento en la tasa de aciertos del pre-test al post-test en 13 ítems, con una diferencia significativa (p < 0.05) en los ítems: quitar los adornos para desinfectar las manos; usar guantes al administrar medicamentos; administrar medicamentos con guantes, mascarilla y anteojos; y comprobar el nombre del paciente preguntándole a su acompañante. Conclusión: La formación tuvo efectos positivos en el aprendizaje y la reacción de los profesionales de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de um treinamento sobre administração de medicamento endovenoso em pacientes pediátricos na aprendizagem e reação da equipe de enfermagem. Método: Estudo quase experimental (pré-e pós-teste), com 38 profissionais da enfermagem que participaram de um treinamento sobre administração de medicamento endovenoso (EV) em pacientes pediátricos cardiopatas. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se um questionário com 19 itens para avaliar a aprendizagem dos participantes antes (pré-teste) e após (pós-teste) o treinamento. Analisaram-se os dados por estatística descritiva e analítica (testes binomial e Friedman). Resultados: Predominaram enfermeiras (52,6%), média de 41,2 anos de idade e 9,8 anos de experiência profissional na pediatria. Na avaliação da aprendizagem, houve aumento no índice de acertos do pré-teste para o pós-teste em 13 itens, com diferença significativa (p < 0,05) nos quesitos: retirar adornos para higienizar as mãos; usar luva ao administrar medicamento; administrar medicamento com luva, máscara e óculos de proteção; e conferir nome do paciente perguntando a ele ou ao acompanhante. Conclusão: O treinamento apresentou efeitos positivos na aprendizagem e reação dos profissionais de enfermagem.

Patient safety culture in primary and home care services.

BACKGROUND: Safety culture is still a poorly studied subject in primary care and home care, although these settings are considered gateways to access to healthcare. This study aims to evaluate safety culture in primary and home care settings. METHODS: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out with 147 professionals from nine districts covered by one home care program and six primary healthcare centres. The Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used to evaluate the safety culture, in which scores ≥75 are indicative of a positive safety culture. RESULTS: A total of 56 (86,1%) questionnaires returned from the home care professionals and 91 (86,6%) from the primary care professionals. The Job satisfaction domain was the best evaluated, achieving a score of 88.8 in home care and 75.1 in primary care. The achievement of high scores on Safety Climate, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork Climate, and Total SAQ was related to male gender, and time of professional experience of three to 4 years. Perception of management and Working conditions had the lowest scores, and this result was related with long time of experience. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that professionals working in home care gave higher scores for safety culture in their workplace than the primary care workers.

Application of a Bundle in the Prevention of Peri-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Newborns.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing a care bundle for preventing peri-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in preterm newborns. A longitudinal, quantitative, quasi-experimental study was conducted with preterm newborns from a neonatal unit. The study was divided into 2 stages: the first consisted of a retrospective cohort of newborns (control group) not exposed to the bundle, and the second consisted of 5 practical steps of implementing a care bundle for preventing PIVH in eligible newborns. The results show that a significant reduction in PIVH occurred, from 34.8% before the intervention to 26.3% after application of the bundle. Also, after implementation of the bundle, there was a reduction in the severe forms of PIVH in the newborns who presented with hemorrhage compared with the control group. The study shows how the use of a low-cost and easy operationalization tool can contribute to the health of preterm newborns. It was found that the bundle is directly related to the decrease in the incidence of PIVH. The results may contribute to the improvement in care quality, thus promoting safe care for premature newborns.

[Prevalence and clinical significance of interactions drug-enteral nutrition in Intensive Care Units]. / Prevalencia e significancia clinica de interacoes farmaco-nutricao enteral em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva.

This is a multicenter, cross-sectional retrospective study, which aimed to determine the prevalence of interactions drug-enteral nutrition (EN) in Intensive Care Units (ICU) of seven teaching hospitals in Brazil, and to analyze the clinical significance of them. Information on medications and EN administered with 24 hours and 120 hours of hospitalization were collected. For identification of drug-EN interaction was employed software Drug Reax®. It was investigated 1.124 records. Of these, 320 patients, with 24 hours of hospitalization, were on EN, and 20 (6.3%) had drug-EN interaction. Of the 504 patients with 120 hours of hospitalization, 39 (7.7%) had drug-EN interaction. The most frequent drug-EN interactions of clinical significance were phenytoin-EN, warfarin-EN and levothyroxine-EN. Drug-EN interactions may interfere with the quality and cost effectiveness of care in ICU, so it is essential that the health team has knowledge about them.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 for Brazil.

The objective of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - Short Form 2006 for Brazil. The instrument was applied in six hospitals in three regions of Brazil. Content, face, and construct validity was performed. Analysis of the instrument's reliability was performed by verifying the items' internal consistency through Cronbach's alpha. The sample was composed of 1301 professionals working in clinical and surgical wards of six hospitals. Confirmatory analysis showed that the model including 41 items was satisfactory. The Portuguese version presented an alpha of 0.89. The item-total correlations among the domains were moderate to strong, except for the domain Stress Recognition. We concluded that the instrument's version adapted to Portuguese and applied in our sample is valid and reliable.